Uncovering prevalence of pangolin consumption using a technique for investigating sensitive behaviour

Abstract Pangolins have been exploited throughout history but evidence points to population declines across parts of their ranges since the 1960s, especially in Asia. This is result overexploitation for local use and international trade trafficking derivatives. The prevalence consumption pangolin products has estimated different localities Viet Nam but, considering that national legislation prohibits purchase products, previous research not accounted potential biased responses. In this study, we treat as a sensitive behaviour estimate meat, scales wine (a whole or fluids soaked mixed rice wine) Ho Chi Minh City using specialized questioning method, unmatched count technique. We also characterize demographics consumers. Our results suggest there active all three with best-estimate 7% representative sample residents 10% 6% wine. estimates exceed from direct questions, providing sensitivity consumption. compared our analysis consumer characteristics existing profiles consumers found substantial differences, suggesting occurs among broader demographic groups than previously described. findings efforts reduce demand should focus on range identified.